Routinglink

路由link

There are new requirements for the Tour of Heroes app:

有一些《英雄指南》的新需求：

• Add a Dashboard view.

  添加一个仪表盘视图。

• Add the ability to navigate between the Heroes and Dashboard views.

  在英雄列表和仪表盘视图之间导航。

• When users click a hero name in either view, navigate to a detail view of the selected hero.

  无论在哪个视图中点击一个英雄，都会导航到该英雄的详情页。

• When users click a deep link in an email, open the detail view for a particular hero.

  在邮件中点击一个深链接，会直接打开一个特定英雄的详情视图。

When you’re done, users will be able to navigate the app like this:

完成时，用户就能像这样在应用中导航：

Add the AppRoutingModulelink

添加 AppRoutingModulelink

An Angular best practice is to load and configure the router in a separate, top-level module that is dedicated to routing and imported by the root AppModule.

Angular 的最佳实践之一就是在一个独立的顶级模块中加载和配置路由器，它专注于路由功能，然后由根模块 AppModule 导入它。

By convention, the module class name is AppRoutingModule and it belongs in the app-routing.module.ts in the src/app folder.

按照惯例，这个模块类的名字叫做 APPRoutingModule，并且位于 src/app 下的 app-routing.module.ts 文件中。

Use the CLI to generate it.

使用 CLI 生成它。

ng generate module app-routing --flat --module=app

The generated file looks like this:

生成的文件是这样的：

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common'; @NgModule({ imports: [ CommonModule ], declarations: [] }) export class AppRoutingModule { }

You generally don't declare components in a routing module so you can delete the @NgModule.declarations array and delete CommonModule references too.

你通常不会在路由模块中声明组件，所以可以删除 @NgModule.declarations 并删除对 CommonModule 的引用。

You'll configure the router with Routes in the RouterModule so import those two symbols from the @angular/router library.

你将会使用 RouterModule 中的 Routes 类来配置路由器，所以还要从 @angular/router 库中导入这两个符号。

Add an @NgModule.exports array with RouterModule in it. Exporting RouterModule makes router directives available for use in the AppModule components that will need them.

添加一个 @NgModule.exports 数组，其中放上 RouterModule 。 导出 RouterModule 让路由器的相关指令可以在 AppModule 中的组件中使用。

AppRoutingModule looks like this now:

此刻的 AppRoutingModule 是这样的：

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router'; @NgModule({ exports: [ RouterModule ] }) export class AppRoutingModule {}

Add routeslink

添加路由定义link

Routes tell the router which view to display when a user clicks a link or pastes a URL into the browser address bar.

路由定义 会告诉路由器，当用户点击某个链接或者在浏览器地址栏中输入某个 URL 时，要显示哪个视图。

A typical Angular Route has two properties:

典型的 Angular 路由（Route）有两个属性：

1. path: a string that matches the URL in the browser address bar.

   path：一个用于匹配浏览器地址栏中 URL 的字符串。

2. component: the component that the router should create when navigating to this route.

   component：当导航到此路由时，路由器应该创建哪个组件。

You intend to navigate to the HeroesComponent when the URL is something like localhost:4200/heroes.

如果你希望当 URL 为 localhost:4200/heroes 时，就导航到 HeroesComponent。

Import the HeroesComponent so you can reference it in a Route. Then define an array of routes with a single route to that component.

首先要导入 HeroesComponent，以便能在 Route 中引用它。 然后定义一个路由数组，其中的某个路由是指向这个组件的。

import { HeroesComponent } from './heroes/heroes.component'; const routes: Routes = [ { path: 'heroes', component: HeroesComponent } ];

Once you've finished setting up, the router will match that URL to path: 'heroes' and display the HeroesComponent.

完成这些设置之后，路由器将会把 URL 匹配到 path: 'heroes'，并显示 HeroesComponent。

RouterModule.forRoot()link

You first must initialize the router and start it listening for browser location changes.

你必须首先初始化路由器，并让它开始监听浏览器中的地址变化。

Add RouterModule to the @NgModule.imports array and configure it with the routes in one step by calling RouterModule.forRoot() within the imports array, like this:

把 RouterModule 添加到 @NgModule.imports 数组中，并用 routes 来配置它。你只要调用 imports 数组中的 RouterModule.forRoot() 函数就行了。

imports: [ RouterModule.forRoot(routes) ],

Add RouterOutletlink

添加路由出口 （RouterOutlet）link

Open the AppComponent template replace the <app-heroes> element with a <router-outlet> element.

打开 AppComponent 的模板，把 <app-heroes> 元素替换为 <router-outlet> 元素。

<h1>{{title}}</h1> <router-outlet></router-outlet> <app-messages></app-messages>

You removed <app-heroes> because you will only display the HeroesComponent when the user navigates to it.

之所以移除 <app-heroes>，是因为只有当用户导航到这里时，才需要显示 HeroesComponent。

The <router-outlet> tells the router where to display routed views.

<router-outlet> 会告诉路由器要在哪里显示路由到的视图。

Try itlink

试试看link

You should still be running with this CLI command.

你的 CLI 命令应该仍在运行吧。

ng serve

The browser should refresh and display the app title but not the list of heroes.

浏览器应该刷新，并显示着应用的标题，但是没有显示英雄列表。

Look at the browser's address bar. The URL ends in /. The route path to HeroesComponent is /heroes.

看看浏览器的地址栏。 URL 是以 / 结尾的。 而到 HeroesComponent 的路由路径是 /heroes。

Append /heroes to the URL in the browser address bar. You should see the familiar heroes master/detail view.

在地址栏中把 /heroes 追加到 URL 后面。你应该能看到熟悉的主从结构的英雄显示界面。

Add a navigation link (routerLink)link

添加路由链接 (routerLink)link

Users shouldn't have to paste a route URL into the address bar. They should be able to click a link to navigate.

不应该让用户只能把路由的 URL 粘贴到地址栏中。他们还应该能通过点击链接进行导航。

Add a <nav> element and, within that, an anchor element that, when clicked, triggers navigation to the HeroesComponent. The revised AppComponent template looks like this:

添加一个 <nav> 元素，并在其中放一个链接 <a> 元素，当点击它时，就会触发一个到 HeroesComponent 的导航。 修改过的 AppComponent 模板如下：

<h1>{{title}}</h1> <nav> <a routerLink="/heroes">Heroes</a> </nav> <router-outlet></router-outlet> <app-messages></app-messages>

A routerLink attribute is set to "/heroes", the string that the router matches to the route to HeroesComponent. The routerLink is the selector for the RouterLink directive that turns user clicks into router navigations. It's another of the public directives in the RouterModule.

routerLink 属性的值为 "/heroes"，路由器会用它来匹配出指向 HeroesComponent 的路由。 routerLink 是 RouterLink 指令的选择器，它会把用户的点击转换为路由器的导航操作。 它是 RouterModule 中公开的另一个指令。

The browser refreshes and displays the app title and heroes link, but not the heroes list.

刷新浏览器，显示出了应用的标题和指向英雄列表的链接，但并没有显示英雄列表。

Click the link. The address bar updates to /heroes and the list of heroes appears.

点击这个链接。地址栏变成了 /heroes，并且显示出了英雄列表。

Add a dashboard viewlink

添加仪表盘视图link

Routing makes more sense when there are multiple views. So far there's only the heroes view.

当有多个视图时，路由会更有价值。不过目前还只有一个英雄列表视图。

Add a DashboardComponent using the CLI:

使用 CLI 添加一个 DashboardComponent：

ng generate component dashboard

The CLI generates the files for the DashboardComponent and declares it in AppModule.

CLI 生成了 DashboardComponent 的相关文件，并把它声明到 AppModule 中。

Replace the default file content in these three files as follows and then return for a little discussion:

把这三个文件中的内容改成这样，并回来做一个随堂讨论：

<h3>Top Heroes</h3> <div class="grid grid-pad"> <a *ngFor="let hero of heroes" class="col-1-4"> <div class="module hero"> <h4>{{hero.name}}</h4> </div> </a> </div>import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { Hero } from '../hero'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service'; @Component({ selector: 'app-dashboard', templateUrl: './dashboard.component.html', styleUrls: [ './dashboard.component.css' ] }) export class DashboardComponent implements OnInit { heroes: Hero[] = []; constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { } ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes(); } getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes.slice(1, 5)); } }/* DashboardComponent's private CSS styles */ [class*='col-'] { float: left; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; } [class*='col-']:last-of-type { padding-right: 0; } a { text-decoration: none; } *, *:after, *:before { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } h3 { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; } h4 { position: relative; } .grid { margin: 0; } .col-1-4 { width: 25%; } .module { padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: #eee; max-height: 120px; min-width: 120px; background-color: #607d8b; border-radius: 2px; } .module:hover { background-color: #eee; cursor: pointer; color: #607d8b; } .grid-pad { padding: 10px 0; } .grid-pad > [class*='col-']:last-of-type { padding-right: 20px; } @media (max-width: 600px) { .module { font-size: 10px; max-height: 75px; } } @media (max-width: 1024px) { .grid { margin: 0; } .module { min-width: 60px; } }

The template presents a grid of hero name links.

这个模板用来表示由英雄名字链接组成的一个阵列。

• The *ngFor repeater creates as many links as are in the component's heroes array.

  *ngFor 复写器为组件的 heroes 数组中的每个条目创建了一个链接。

• The links are styled as colored blocks by the dashboard.component.css.

  这些链接被 dashboard.component.css 中的样式格式化成了一些色块。

• The links don't go anywhere yet but they will shortly.

  这些链接还没有指向任何地方，但很快就会了。

The class is similar to the HeroesComponent class.

这个类和 HeroesComponent 类很像。

• It defines a heroes array property.

  它定义了一个 heroes 数组属性。

• The constructor expects Angular to inject the HeroService into a private heroService property.

  它的构造函数希望 Angular 把 HeroService 注入到私有的 heroService 属性中。

• The ngOnInit() lifecycle hook calls getHeroes.

  在 ngOnInit() 生命周期钩子中调用 getHeroes。

This getHeroes reduces the number of heroes displayed to four (2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th).

这个 getHeroes 函数把要显示的英雄的数量缩减为四个（第二、第三、第四、第五）。

getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes.slice(1, 5)); }

Add the dashboard routelink

添加仪表盘路由link

To navigate to the dashboard, the router needs an appropriate route.

要导航到仪表盘，路由器中就需要一个相应的路由。

Import the DashboardComponent in the AppRoutingModule.

把 DashboardComponent 导入到 AppRoutingModule 中。

import { DashboardComponent } from './dashboard/dashboard.component';

Add a route to the AppRoutingModule.routes array that matches a path to the DashboardComponent.

把一个指向 DashboardComponent 的路由添加到 AppRoutingModule.routes 数组中。

{ path: 'dashboard', component: DashboardComponent },

Add a default routelink

添加默认路由link

When the app starts, the browsers address bar points to the web site's root. That doesn't match any existing route so the router doesn't navigate anywhere. The space below the <router-outlet> is blank.

当应用启动时，浏览器的地址栏指向了网站的根路径。 它没有匹配到任何现存路由，因此路由器也不会导航到任何地方。 <router-outlet> 下方是空白的。

To make the app navigate to the dashboard automatically, add the following route to the AppRoutingModule.Routes array.

要让应用自动导航到这个仪表盘，请把下列路由添加到 AppRoutingModule.Routes 数组中。

{ path: '', redirectTo: '/dashboard', pathMatch: 'full' },

This route redirects a URL that fully matches the empty path to the route whose path is '/dashboard'.

这个路由会把一个与空路径“完全匹配”的 URL 重定向到路径为 '/dashboard' 的路由。

After the browser refreshes, the router loads the DashboardComponent and the browser address bar shows the /dashboard URL.

浏览器刷新之后，路由器加载了 DashboardComponent，并且浏览器的地址栏会显示出 /dashboard 这个 URL。

Add dashboard link to the shelllink

把仪表盘链接添加到壳组件中link

The user should be able to navigate back and forth between the DashboardComponent and the HeroesComponent by clicking links in the navigation area near the top of the page.

应该允许用户通过点击页面顶部导航区的各个链接在 DashboardComponent 和 HeroesComponent 之间来回导航。

Add a dashboard navigation link to the AppComponent shell template, just above the Heroes link.

把仪表盘的导航链接添加到壳组件 AppComponent 的模板中，就放在 Heroes 链接的前面。

<h1>{{title}}</h1> <nav> <a routerLink="/dashboard">Dashboard</a> <a routerLink="/heroes">Heroes</a> </nav> <router-outlet></router-outlet> <app-messages></app-messages>

After the browser refreshes you can navigate freely between the two views by clicking the links.

刷新浏览器，你就能通过点击这些链接在这两个视图之间自由导航了。

Navigating to hero detailslink

导航到英雄详情link

The HeroDetailsComponent displays details of a selected hero. At the moment the HeroDetailsComponent is only visible at the bottom of the HeroesComponent

HeroDetailComponent 可以显示所选英雄的详情。 此刻，HeroDetailsComponent 只能在 HeroesComponent 的底部看到。

The user should be able to get to these details in three ways.

用户应该能通过三种途径看到这些详情。

1. By clicking a hero in the dashboard.

   通过在仪表盘中点击某个英雄。

2. By clicking a hero in the heroes list.

   通过在英雄列表中点击某个英雄。

3. By pasting a "deep link" URL into the browser address bar that identifies the hero to display.

   通过把一个“深链接” URL 粘贴到浏览器的地址栏中来指定要显示的英雄。

In this section, you'll enable navigation to the HeroDetailsComponent and liberate it from the HeroesComponent.

在这一节，你将能导航到 HeroDetailComponent，并把它从 HeroesComponent 中解放出来。

Delete hero details from HeroesComponentlink

从 HeroesComponent 中删除英雄详情link

When the user clicks a hero item in the HeroesComponent, the app should navigate to the HeroDetailComponent, replacing the heroes list view with the hero detail view. The heroes list view should no longer show hero details as it does now.

当用户在 HeroesComponent 中点击某个英雄条目时，应用应该能导航到 HeroDetailComponent，从英雄列表视图切换到英雄详情视图。 英雄列表视图将不再显示，而英雄详情视图要显示出来。

Open the HeroesComponent template (heroes/heroes.component.html) and delete the <app-hero-detail> element from the bottom.

打开 HeroesComponent 的模板文件（heroes/heroes.component.html），并从底部删除 <app-hero-detail> 元素。

Clicking a hero item now does nothing. You'll fix that shortly after you enable routing to the HeroDetailComponent.

目前，点击某个英雄条目还没有反应。不过当你启用了到 HeroDetailComponent 的路由之后，很快就能修复它。

Add a hero detail routelink

添加英雄详情视图link

A URL like ~/detail/11 would be a good URL for navigating to the Hero Detail view of the hero whose id is 11.

要导航到 id 为 11 的英雄的详情视图，类似于 ~/detail/11 的 URL 将是一个不错的 URL。

Open AppRoutingModule and import HeroDetailComponent.

打开 AppRoutingModule 并导入 HeroDetailComponent。

import { HeroDetailComponent } from './hero-detail/hero-detail.component';

Then add a parameterized route to the AppRoutingModule.routes array that matches the path pattern to the hero detail view.

然后把一个参数化路由添加到 AppRoutingModule.routes 数组中，它要匹配指向英雄详情视图的路径。

{ path: 'detail/:id', component: HeroDetailComponent },

The colon (:) in the path indicates that :id is a placeholder for a specific hero id.

path 中的冒号（:）表示 :id 是一个占位符，它表示某个特定英雄的 id。

At this point, all application routes are in place.

此刻，应用中的所有路由都就绪了。

const routes: Routes = [ { path: '', redirectTo: '/dashboard', pathMatch: 'full' }, { path: 'dashboard', component: DashboardComponent }, { path: 'detail/:id', component: HeroDetailComponent }, { path: 'heroes', component: HeroesComponent } ];

DashboardComponent hero linkslink

DashboardComponent 中的英雄链接link

The DashboardComponent hero links do nothing at the moment.

此刻，DashboardComponent 中的英雄连接还没有反应。

Now that the router has a route to HeroDetailComponent, fix the dashboard hero links to navigate via the parameterized dashboard route.

路由器已经有一个指向 HeroDetailComponent 的路由了， 修改仪表盘中的英雄连接，让它们通过参数化的英雄详情路由进行导航。

<a *ngFor="let hero of heroes" class="col-1-4" routerLink="/detail/{{hero.id}}">

You're using Angular interpolation binding within the *ngFor repeater to insert the current iteration's hero.id into each routerLink.

你正在 *ngFor 复写器中使用 Angular 的插值表达式来把当前迭代的 hero.id 插入到每个 routerLink中。

HeroesComponent hero linkslink

HeroesComponent 中的英雄链接link

The hero items in the HeroesComponent are <li> elements whose click events are bound to the component's onSelect() method.

HeroesComponent 中的这些英雄条目都是 <li> 元素，它们的点击事件都绑定到了组件的 onSelect() 方法中。

<ul class="heroes"> <li *ngFor="let hero of heroes" [class.selected]="hero === selectedHero" (click)="onSelect(hero)"> <span class="badge">{{hero.id}}</span> {{hero.name}} </li> </ul>

Strip the <li> back to just its *ngFor, wrap the badge and name in an anchor element (<a>), and add a routerLink attribute to the anchor that is the same as in the dashboard template

清理 <li>，只保留它的 *ngFor，把徽章（<badge>）和名字包裹进一个 <a> 元素中， 并且像仪表盘的模板中那样为这个 <a> 元素添加一个 routerLink 属性。

<ul class="heroes"> <li *ngFor="let hero of heroes"> <a routerLink="/detail/{{hero.id}}"> <span class="badge">{{hero.id}}</span> {{hero.name}} </a> </li> </ul>

You'll have to fix the private stylesheet (heroes.component.css) to make the list look as it did before. Revised styles are in the final code review at the bottom of this guide.

你还要修改私有样式表（heroes.component.css），让列表恢复到以前的外观。 修改后的样式表参见本指南底部的最终代码。

Remove dead code (optional)link

移除死代码（可选）link

While the HeroesComponent class still works, the onSelect() method and selectedHero property are no longer used.

虽然 HeroesComponent 类仍然能正常工作，但 onSelect() 方法和 selectedHero 属性已经没用了。

It's nice to tidy up and you'll be grateful to yourself later. Here's the class after pruning away the dead code.

最好清理掉它们，将来你会体会到这么做的好处。 下面是删除了死代码之后的类。

export class HeroesComponent implements OnInit { heroes: Hero[]; constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { } ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes(); } getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes); } }

Routable HeroDetailComponentlink

支持路由的 HeroDetailComponentlink

Previously, the parent HeroesComponent set the HeroDetailComponent.hero property and the HeroDetailComponent displayed the hero.

以前，父组件 HeroesComponent 会设置 HeroDetailComponent.hero 属性，然后 HeroDetailComponent 就会显示这个英雄。

HeroesComponent doesn't do that anymore. Now the router creates the HeroDetailComponent in response to a URL such as ~/detail/11.

HeroesComponent 已经不会再那么做了。 现在，当路由器会在响应形如 ~/detail/11 的 URL 时创建 HeroDetailComponent。

The HeroDetailComponent needs a new way to obtain the hero-to-display.

HeroDetailComponent 需要从一种新的途径获取要显示的英雄。

• Get the route that created it,

  获取创建本组件的路由，

• Extract the id from the route

  从这个路由中提取出 id

• Acquire the hero with that id from the server via the HeroService

  通过 HeroService 从服务器上获取具有这个 id 的英雄数据。

Add the following imports:

先添加下列导入语句：

import { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router'; import { Location } from '@angular/common'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service';

Inject the ActivatedRoute, HeroService, and Location services into the constructor, saving their values in private fields:

然后把 ActivatedRoute、HeroService 和 Location 服务注入到构造函数中，将它们的值保存到私有变量里：

constructor( private route: ActivatedRoute, private heroService: HeroService, private location: Location ) {}

The ActivatedRouteholds information about the route to this instance of the HeroDetailComponent. This component is interested in the route's bag of parameters extracted from the URL. The "id" parameter is the id of the hero to display.

ActivatedRoute保存着到这个 HeroDetailComponent 实例的路由信息。 这个组件对从 URL 中提取的路由参数感兴趣。 其中的 id参数就是要现实的英雄的 id。

The HeroServicegets hero data from the remote server and this component will use it to get the hero-to-display.

HeroService从远端服务器获取英雄数据，本组件将使用它来获取要显示的英雄。

The locationis an Angular service for interacting with the browser. You'll use it later to navigate back to the view that navigated here.

location是一个 Angular 的服务，用来与浏览器打交道。 稍后，你就会使用它来导航回上一个视图。

Extract the id route parameterlink

从路由参数中提取 idlink

In the ngOnInit() lifecycle hook call getHero() and define it as follows.

在 ngOnInit() 生命周期钩子 中调用 getHero()，代码如下：

ngOnInit(): void { this.getHero(); } getHero(): void { const id = +this.route.snapshot.paramMap.get('id'); this.heroService.getHero(id) .subscribe(hero => this.hero = hero); }

The route.snapshot is a static image of the route information shortly after the component was created.

route.snapshot 是一个路由信息的静态快照，抓取自组件刚刚创建完毕之后。

The paramMap is a dictionary of route parameter values extracted from the URL. The "id" key returns the id of the hero to fetch.

paramMap 是一个从 URL 中提取的路由参数值的字典。 "id" 对应的值就是要获取的英雄的 id。

Route parameters are always strings. The JavaScript (+) operator converts the string to a number, which is what a hero id should be.

路由参数总会是字符串。 JavaScript 的 (+) 操作符会把字符串转换成数字，英雄的 id 就是数字类型。

The browser refreshes and the app crashes with a compiler error. HeroService doesn't have a getHero() method. Add it now.

刷新浏览器，应用挂了。出现一个编译错误，因为 HeroService 没有一个名叫 getHero() 的方法。 这就添加它。

Add HeroService.getHero()link

添加 HeroService.getHero()link

Open HeroService and add this getHero() method

添加 HeroService，并添加如下的 getHero() 方法

getHero(id: number): Observable<Hero> { // TODO: send the message _after_ fetching the hero this.messageService.add(`HeroService: fetched hero id=${id}`); return of(HEROES.find(hero => hero.id === id)); }

Like getHeroes(), getHero() has an asynchronous signature. It returns a mock hero as an Observable, using the RxJS of() function.

像 getHeroes()一样，getHero() 也有一个异步函数签名。 它用 RxJS 的 of() 函数返回一个 Observable 形式的模拟英雄数据。

You'll be able to re-implement getHero() as a real Http request without having to change the HeroDetailComponent that calls it.

你将来可以用一个真实的 Http 请求来重现实现 getHero()，而不用修改调用了它的 HeroDetailComponent。

Try itlink

试试看link

The browser refreshes and the app is working again. You can click a hero in the dashboard or in the heroes list and navigate to that hero's detail view.

刷新浏览器，应用又恢复正常了。 你可以在仪表盘或英雄列表中点击一个英雄来导航到该英雄的详情视图。

If you paste localhost:4200/detail/11 in the browser address bar, the router navigates to the detail view for the hero with id: 11, "Mr. Nice".

如果你在浏览器的地址栏中粘贴了 localhost:4200/detail/11，路由器也会导航到 id: 11 的英雄（"Mr. Nice"）的详情视图。

Find the way backlink

回到原路link

By clicking the browser's back button, you can go back to the hero list or dashboard view, depending upon which sent you to the detail view.

通过点击浏览器的后退按钮，你可以回到英雄列表或仪表盘视图，这取决于你从哪里进入的详情视图。

It would be nice to have a button on the HeroDetail view that can do that.

如果能在 HeroDetail 视图中也有这么一个按钮就更好了。

Add a go back button to the bottom of the component template and bind it to the component's goBack() method.

把一个后退按钮添加到组件模板的底部，并且把它绑定到组件的 goBack() 方法。

<button (click)="goBack()">go back</button>

Add a goBack() method to the component class that navigates backward one step in the browser's history stack using the Location service that you injected previously.

在组件类中添加一个 goBack() 方法，利用你以前注入的 Location 服务在浏览器的历史栈中后退一步。

goBack(): void { this.location.back(); }

Refresh the browser and start clicking. Users can navigate around the app, from the dashboard to hero details and back, from heroes list to the mini detail to the hero details and back to the heroes again.

刷新浏览器，并开始点击。 用户能在应用中导航：从仪表盘到英雄详情再回来，从英雄列表到 mini 版英雄详情到英雄详情，再回到英雄列表。

You've met all of the navigational requirements that propelled this page.

你已经满足了在本章开头设定的所有导航需求。

Final code reviewlink

查看最终代码link

Here are the code files discussed on this page and your app should look like this.

你的应用应该变成了这样。本页所提及的代码文件如下：

AppRoutingModule, AppModule, and HeroServicelink

AppRoutingModule、AppModule 和 HeroServicelink

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router'; import { DashboardComponent } from './dashboard/dashboard.component'; import { HeroesComponent } from './heroes/heroes.component'; import { HeroDetailComponent } from './hero-detail/hero-detail.component'; const routes: Routes = [ { path: '', redirectTo: '/dashboard', pathMatch: 'full' }, { path: 'dashboard', component: DashboardComponent }, { path: 'detail/:id', component: HeroDetailComponent }, { path: 'heroes', component: HeroesComponent } ]; @NgModule({ imports: [ RouterModule.forRoot(routes) ], exports: [ RouterModule ] }) export class AppRoutingModule {}import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; import { DashboardComponent } from './dashboard/dashboard.component'; import { HeroDetailComponent } from './hero-detail/hero-detail.component'; import { HeroesComponent } from './heroes/heroes.component'; import { MessagesComponent } from './messages/messages.component'; import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module'; @NgModule({ imports: [ BrowserModule, FormsModule, AppRoutingModule ], declarations: [ AppComponent, DashboardComponent, HeroesComponent, HeroDetailComponent, MessagesComponent ], bootstrap: [ AppComponent ] }) export class AppModule { }import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs'; import { Hero } from './hero'; import { HEROES } from './mock-heroes'; import { MessageService } from './message.service'; @Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' }) export class HeroService { constructor(private messageService: MessageService) { } getHeroes(): Observable<Hero[]> { // TODO: send the message _after_ fetching the heroes this.messageService.add('HeroService: fetched heroes'); return of(HEROES); } getHero(id: number): Observable<Hero> { // TODO: send the message _after_ fetching the hero this.messageService.add(`HeroService: fetched hero id=${id}`); return of(HEROES.find(hero => hero.id === id)); } }

AppComponentlink

<h1>{{title}}</h1> <nav> <a routerLink="/dashboard">Dashboard</a> <a routerLink="/heroes">Heroes</a> </nav> <router-outlet></router-outlet> <app-messages></app-messages>/* AppComponent's private CSS styles */ h1 { font-size: 1.2em; color: #999; margin-bottom: 0; } h2 { font-size: 2em; margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; } nav a { padding: 5px 10px; text-decoration: none; margin-top: 10px; display: inline-block; background-color: #eee; border-radius: 4px; } nav a:visited, a:link { color: #607d8b; } nav a:hover { color: #039be5; background-color: #cfd8dc; } nav a.active { color: #039be5; }

DashboardComponentlink

<h3>Top Heroes</h3> <div class="grid grid-pad"> <a *ngFor="let hero of heroes" class="col-1-4" routerLink="/detail/{{hero.id}}"> <div class="module hero"> <h4>{{hero.name}}</h4> </div> </a> </div>import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { Hero } from '../hero'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service'; @Component({ selector: 'app-dashboard', templateUrl: './dashboard.component.html', styleUrls: [ './dashboard.component.css' ] }) export class DashboardComponent implements OnInit { heroes: Hero[] = []; constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { } ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes(); } getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes.slice(1, 5)); } }/* DashboardComponent's private CSS styles */ [class*='col-'] { float: left; padding-right: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; } [class*='col-']:last-of-type { padding-right: 0; } a { text-decoration: none; } *, *:after, *:before { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } h3 { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0; } h4 { position: relative; } .grid { margin: 0; } .col-1-4 { width: 25%; } .module { padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: #eee; max-height: 120px; min-width: 120px; background-color: #607d8b; border-radius: 2px; } .module:hover { background-color: #eee; cursor: pointer; color: #607d8b; } .grid-pad { padding: 10px 0; } .grid-pad > [class*='col-']:last-of-type { padding-right: 20px; } @media (max-width: 600px) { .module { font-size: 10px; max-height: 75px; } } @media (max-width: 1024px) { .grid { margin: 0; } .module { min-width: 60px; } }

HeroesComponentlink

<h2>My Heroes</h2> <ul class="heroes"> <li *ngFor="let hero of heroes"> <a routerLink="/detail/{{hero.id}}"> <span class="badge">{{hero.id}}</span> {{hero.name}} </a> </li> </ul>import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { Hero } from '../hero'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service'; @Component({ selector: 'app-heroes', templateUrl: './heroes.component.html', styleUrls: ['./heroes.component.css'] }) export class HeroesComponent implements OnInit { heroes: Hero[]; constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { } ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes(); } getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes); } }/* HeroesComponent's private CSS styles */ .heroes { margin: 0 0 2em 0; list-style-type: none; padding: 0; width: 15em; } .heroes li { position: relative; cursor: pointer; background-color: #EEE; margin: .5em; padding: .3em 0; height: 1.6em; border-radius: 4px; } .heroes li:hover { color: #607D8B; background-color: #DDD; left: .1em; } .heroes a { color: #888; text-decoration: none; position: relative; display: block; width: 250px; } .heroes a:hover { color:#607D8B; } .heroes .badge { display: inline-block; font-size: small; color: white; padding: 0.8em 0.7em 0 0.7em; background-color: #607D8B; line-height: 1em; position: relative; left: -1px; top: -4px; height: 1.8em; min-width: 16px; text-align: right; margin-right: .8em; border-radius: 4px 0 0 4px; }

HeroDetailComponentlink

<div *ngIf="hero"> <h2>{{hero.name | uppercase}} Details</h2> <div><span>id: </span>{{hero.id}}</div> <div> <label>name: <input [(ngModel)]="hero.name" placeholder="name"/> </label> </div> <button (click)="goBack()">go back</button> </div>import { Component, OnInit, Input } from '@angular/core'; import { ActivatedRoute } from '@angular/router'; import { Location } from '@angular/common'; import { Hero } from '../hero'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service'; @Component({ selector: 'app-hero-detail', templateUrl: './hero-detail.component.html', styleUrls: [ './hero-detail.component.css' ] }) export class HeroDetailComponent implements OnInit { @Input() hero: Hero; constructor( private route: ActivatedRoute, private heroService: HeroService, private location: Location ) {} ngOnInit(): void { this.getHero(); } getHero(): void { const id = +this.route.snapshot.paramMap.get('id'); this.heroService.getHero(id) .subscribe(hero => this.hero = hero); } goBack(): void { this.location.back(); } }/* HeroDetailComponent's private CSS styles */ label { display: inline-block; width: 3em; margin: .5em 0; color: #607D8B; font-weight: bold; } input { height: 2em; font-size: 1em; padding-left: .4em; } button { margin-top: 20px; font-family: Arial; background-color: #eee; border: none; padding: 5px 10px; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand; } button:hover { background-color: #cfd8dc; } button:disabled { background-color: #eee; color: #ccc; cursor: auto; }

Summarylink

小结link

• You added the Angular router to navigate among different components.

  添加了 Angular 路由器在各个不同组件之间导航。

• You turned the AppComponent into a navigation shell with <a> links and a <router-outlet>.

  你使用一些 <a> 链接和一个 <router-outlet> 把 AppComponent 转换成了一个导航用的壳组件。

• You configured the router in an AppRoutingModule

  你在 AppRoutingModule 中配置了路由器。

• You defined simple routes, a redirect route, and a parameterized route.

  你定义了一些简单路由、一个重定向路由和一个参数化路由。

• You used the routerLink directive in anchor elements.

  你在 <a> 元素中使用了 routerLink 指令。

• You refactored a tightly-coupled master/detail view into a routed detail view.

  你把一个紧耦合的主从视图重构成了带路由的详情视图。

• You used router link parameters to navigate to the detail view of a user-selected hero.

  你使用路由链接参数来导航到所选英雄的详情视图。

• You shared the HeroService among multiple components.

  在多个组件之间共享了 HeroService 服务。